ES6 features in javascript

ES6 (ECMAScript 2015) introduced several powerful features to JavaScript, making it more modern, readable, and maintainable. ES6 features:

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🔹 1. let and const

• let – block-scoped variable
• const – block-scoped constant (can't be reassigned)

let count = 5;
const API_KEY = 'abc123';

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🔹 2. Arrow Functions (=>)

• Shorter syntax for writing functions
• Lexically binds this

const sum = (a, b) => a + b;

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🔹 3. Template Literals

• Use backticks ` for multi-line strings and embed variables

const name = 'Teekam';
console.log(`Hello, ${name}!`);

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🔹 4. Destructuring

• Extract values from arrays or objects easily

const [a, b] = [1, 2];
const {name, age} = {name: 'John', age: 25};

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🔹 5. Default Parameters

• Set default values for function parameters

function greet(name = 'Guest') {
  console.log(`Hello, ${name}`);
}

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🔹 6. Rest and Spread Operators (...)

• Rest: Collects arguments
• Spread: Expands elements

// Rest
function sum(...args) {
  return args.reduce((a, b) => a + b);
}

// Spread
const arr1 = [1, 2];
const arr2 = [...arr1, 3, 4]; // [1, 2, 3, 4]

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🔹 7. Enhanced Object Literals

• Shorthand syntax in objects

const name = 'Teekam';
const person = {
  name,
  greet() {
    console.log(`Hi, I'm ${this.name}`);
  }
};

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🔹 8. Classes

• Introduces class-based syntax for object-oriented programming

class Person {
  constructor(name) {
    this.name = name;
  }
  greet() {
    console.log(`Hello, ${this.name}`);
  }
}

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🔹 9. Promises

• Handles async operations with .then() and .catch()

fetch('https://api.com/data')
  .then(res => res.json())
  .then(data => console.log(data))
  .catch(err => console.error(err));

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🔹 10. Modules (import/export)

• Reuse code across files

// math.js
export const add = (a, b) => a + b;

// main.js
import { add } from './math.js';

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🔹 11. for...of Loop

• Loop over iterable objects (like arrays)

for (const item of ['a', 'b', 'c']) {
  console.log(item);
}

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✅ Bonus: Other Notable Features

• Block-scoped functions
• Map, Set, WeakMap, WeakSet
• Symbol type
• new.target
• Tail call optimization (in strict mode)